Characteristics of Integrated Services
In January 1994, more than 50 national organizations concerned with the well being of children, youth, and
families convened to develop a set of principles that would lead to unprecedented collaboration among
essential services at local, state, and federal levels. We have listed the principles, 32 of them, below.
Basic Elements of Preventive Strategies and Effective Services
- Services should be community based and community delivered.
- Services should be family centered; driven by the needs of children, youth, and families; and built
on strengths.
- Needed services should be available and accessible to all in a variety of settings, using a
combination of public, private, community, and personal resources.
- Services should be culturally competent.
- Services should focus on primary prevention, early intervention, and strengthening the ability
of children, youth, and families to help themselves.
- Services should be comprehensive, and a continuum of services should be available.
- Services should be flexible.
- Public, private, and community services should be coordinated, integrated, and collaboratively
delivered.
- Services should be of high quality and developmentally appropriate.
- Services should be cost effective.
The Role of Financing
- Two priorities should guide funding policies--a focus on achieving desired results and greater
flexibility in how dollars are used to accomplish them.
- States and communities should have greater flexibility in using categorical funds.
- Stable and adequate funding should be available to support collaboration, particularly the
infrastructures needed for effective services.
- Funding should promote intra-agency, interagency and intersystem decision making.
- Dollars gained by increased efficiency and expenditures on prevention and early intervention
should be invested to further expand prevention and early intervention.
- Funding should protect vulnerable populations.
The Role of Needs Assessment and Program Evaluation
- Needs assessment, program development, and evaluation should be part of an ongoing process.
- Needs assessment and program evaluation should be tailored to each community and shaped by
community members.
- Needs assessment should focus on community strengths and available resources, as well as needs and
service gaps.
- Needs assessment and program evaluation should give communities the information they need to meet
their objectives.
- Funding from all levels and sources, private as well as public, should balance accountability with
the need to encourage service innovation.
- Federal and state agencies should establish uniform reporting requirements and standardize their
data definitions.
- To support change, investments should be made in multiple strategies for needs assessment and
program evaluation.
- Communities should receive technical and financial support in assessing needs and measuring
progress.
The Importance of Stronger Structures for Coordination
- Coordinating structures should be collaborative.
- Coordinating structures should be community based and reflect the diversity and uniqueness of the
community.
- Coordinating structures should be empowered to guide systems change and ensure collaboration.
- Coordinating structures should have flexibility in defining geographic boundaries and
institutional relationships.
- Coordinating structures should establish and maintain a results-based accountability system.
- Coordinating structures should be encouraged without prescribing a specific structure or
authority.
- Federal and state levels should model collaboration that supports community efforts.
- Federal and state policies should provide incentives that encourage collaboration among public,
private, and community agencies.
The above is excerpted from Principles to Link by:
Integrating Education, Health, and Human Services for Children, Youth and Families:
Systems that are Community-Based and School-Linked. Final Report,
The National Consensus Building Conference on School-Linked Integrated Service Systems.,
601 13th Street,
NW Ste 400 North,
Washington DC 20005, 1994.